References used to compile the texts

Al-Atawneh N, Amri A, Assi R and Maxted N (2008) “Management plans for promoting in situ conservation of local agrobiodiversity in the West Asia centre of plant diversity.” In: Maxted N, Kell SP, Ford-Lloyd BV, Dulloo E and Iriondo J (eds) Crop Wild Relative Conservation and Use. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 340–363.

Al-Atwaneh N, Amri A and Maxted N (2013) “Wadi Sair genetic reserve management plan in Palestine.” In: Amri N and Damania A (eds) Proceedings of the International Conference on Promoting Community-driven In Situ Conservation of Dryland Agrobiodiversity. 18–21 April 2005, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria.
Amri A, Ajlouni M, Assi R, Sbeih Y, Saad A, Khoury W and Khnifes A (2008a) Major achievements of the West Asia dryland agrobiodiversity conservation project. Proceedings of the International Conference on Promoting Community-driven In Situ Conservation of Dryland Agrobiodiversity. 18–21 April 2005, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria.
Amri A, Monzer M, Al-Oqla A, Atawneh N, Shehadeh A and Konopka J (2008b) Status and threats to natural habitats and crop wild relatives in selected areas in West Asia region. Proceedings of the International Conference on Promoting Community-driven In Situ Conservation of Dryland Agrobiodiversity. 18–21 April 2005, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria.
Andrello M, Bizoux JP, Barbet-Massin M, Gaudeul M, Nicolè F and Till-Bottraud I (2012) Effects of management regimes and extreme climatic events on plant population viability in Eryngium alpinum. Biological Conservation 147: 99–106.
Anikster Y, Feldman M and Horovitz A (1997) “The Ammiad experiment.” In: Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV and Hawkes JG (eds) Plant Genetic Conservation: The In Situ Approach. Chapman and Hall, London. pp. 239–253.
Avagyan A (2008) “Crop wild relatives in Armenia: diversity, legislation and conservation issues.” In: Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV, Kell SP, Iriondo J, Dulloo E and Turok J (eds) Crop Wild Relative Conservation and Use. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 58–68.
Baudoin JP, Rocha OJ, Degreef J, Zoro Bi I, Ouédraogo M, Guarino L and Toussaint A (2008) “In situ conservation strategy for wild Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) populations in the Central Valley of Costa Rica: a case study of short-lived perennial plants with a mixed mating system.” In: Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV, Kell SP, Iriondo J, Dulloo E and Turok J (eds) Crop Wild Relative Conservation and Use. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 364–379.
Bilz M, Kell SP, Maxted N and Lansdown RV (2011) European Red List of Vascular Plants. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
Brown AHD, Frankel OH, Marshall DR and Williams JT (1989) The Use of Plant Genetic Resources. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Brown A, Young A, Burdon J, Christides L, Clarke G, Coates D and Sherwin W (1997) Genetic indicators for state of the environment reporting. State of the Environment Technical Paper Series (Environmental Indicators), Department of Environment, Sport and Territories, Canberra ACT, Australia.
Brummitt N and Bachman S (2010) Plants under pressure a global assessment. The first report of the IUCN Sampled Red List Index for Plants. Natural History Museum, London, UK.
CBD (1992) Convention on Biological Diversity. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

CBD (2010a) Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

CBD (2010b) Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Darwin C (1868) The variation of animals and plants under domestication. John Murray Publishers, London.
Deryng D, Sacks WJ, Barford CC and Ramankutty N (2011) Simulating the effects of climate and agricultural management practices on global crop yield. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 25(2): GB2006. doi:10.1029/2009GB003765
Dulloo ME, Guarino L, Engelmann F, Maxted N, Newbury HJ, Attere F and Ford-Lloyd BV (1999) Complementary conservation strategies for the genus Coffea with special reference to the Mascarene Islands. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 45: 565–579.
Duveiller E, Singh RP and Nicol JM (2007) The challenges of maintaining wheat productivity: pests, diseases, and potential epidemics. Euphytica 157: 417–430.
FAO (1998) The State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
FAO (2001) International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
FAO (2005) Harvesting Nature’s Diversity. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
FAO (2008) Climate Change and Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
FAO (2010a) Second Report on the State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

FAO (2011) Second Global Plan of Action for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

Fischlin A, Midgley GF, Price JT, Leemans R, Gopal B, Turley C, Rounsevell MDA, Dube J, Tarazona OP and Velichko AA (2007) “Ecosystems, their properties, goods, and services. Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability.” In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ and Hanson CE (eds) Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 211–272.
Frankel OH (1970) Genetic conservation of plants useful to man. Botanical Conservation 2: 162–169.
Frankel OH (1973) Survey of Crop Genetic Resources in Their Centres of Diversity. First report. F.A.O. and I.B.P., Rome.

Frankel OH and Bennett E (1970) Genetic Resources in Plants – Their Exploration and Conservation. International Biological Programme Handbook No. 11. Blackwell, Oxford and Edinburgh.

Frankel OH and Hawkes JG (1975) Crop Genetic Resources for Today and Tomorrow. International Biological Programme 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Frankel OH, Brown AHD and Burdon JJ (1995) The Conservation of Plant Biodiversity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1–299.

Gadgil M, Niwas Singh S, Nagendra H and Chandran MDS (1996) In Situ Conservation of Wild Relatives of Cultivated Plants: Guiding Principles and a Case Study. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

Guarino L, Rao VR and Reid R (1995) Collecting Plant Genetic Diversity: Technical Guidelines. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
Hajjar R and Hodgkin T (2007) The use of wild relatives in crop improvement: a survey of developments over the last 20 years. Euphytica (1–2): 1–13.

Harlan J and de Wet J (1971) Towards a rational classification of cultivated plants. Taxon 20: 509–517.

Hawkes JG, Maxted N and Ford-Lloyd BV (2000) The ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources. Kluwer, Dordrecht. pp. 250.
Hellier BC (2000) Genetic, Morphologic, and Habitat Diversity of Two Species of Allium Native to the Pacific Northwest, USA and their Implications for In Situ Seed Collection for the National Plant Germplasm System. MSc thesis, Washington State University, Pullman (WA).
Heywood VH (1997) “Introduction.” In: Valdés B, Heywood VH, Raimondo FM and Zohary D (eds) Proceedings of the Workshop on “Conservation of the Wild Relatives of European Cultivated Plants”. Bocconea 7: 15–18.

Heywood VH and Dulloo ME (2005) In Situ Conservation of Wild Plant Species – A Critical Global Review of Good Practices. IPGRI Technical Bulletin No. 11. IPGRI, Rome.

Heywood VH, Casas A, Ford‐Lloyd B, Kell S and Maxted N (2007) Conservation and sustainable use of crop wild relatives. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 121: 245–255.

Hodgkin T and Hajjar R (2007) “Using crop wild relatives for crop improvement: trends and perspectives.” In: Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV, Kell SP, Iriondo J, Dulloo E and Turok J (eds) Crop Wild Relative Conservation and Use. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 535–548.
Hoyt E (1988) Conserving the Wild Relatives of Crops. IBPGR, IUCN, WWF, Rome and Gland.
Hughes L (2000) Biological consequences of global warming: is the signal already apparent? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15: 56–61.
Hunter D and Heywood V (eds) (2011) Crop Wild Relatives, A Manual of In Situ Conservation. Issues in Agricultural Biodiversity. Earthscan, London. (available in English and French).

Huntley B (1990) European post‐glacial forests: compositional changes in response to climate change. Journal of Vegetation Science 1: 507–518.

IPCC (2013) “Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I.” In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner G-K, Tignor M, Allen SK, Boschung J, Nauels A, Xia Y, Bex V and Midgley PM (eds) Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
Iriondo JM, Dulloo E, Maxted N (eds) (2008) Conserving Plant Genetic Diversity in Protected Areas. CAB International, Wallingford, UK..
Iriondo JM, Maxted N, Kell, SP, Ford-Lloyd BV, Lara-Romero C, Labokas J and Magos Brehm J (2012) “Quality standards for genetic reserve conservation of crop wild relatives.” In: Maxted N, Dulloo ME, Ford-Lloyd BV, Frese L, Iriondo JM and Pinheiro de Carvalho MAA (eds) Agrobiodiversity Conservation: Securing the Diversity of Crop Wild Relatives and Landraces. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp.72–77.
IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
Jain SK (1975) “Genetic reserves.” In: Frankel OH and Hawkes JG (eds) Crop Genetic Resources for Today and Tomorrow. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 379–396.

Jarvis A, Lane A and Hijmans RJ (2008) The effect of climate change on crop wild relatives. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment 126(1–2): 13–23.

Jones PD, Lister DH, Jaggard KW and Pidgeon JD (2003) Future climate change impact on the productivity of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Europe. Climatic Change 58: 93–108.
Kaplan D (2008) “A designated nature reserve for in situ conservation of wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides (Körn.) Aaronsohn) in Northern Israel.” In: Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV, Kell SP, Iriondo J, Dulloo E and Turok J (eds) Crop Wild Relative Conservation and Use. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 389–393.
Karagöz A (1998) “In situ conservation of plant genetic resources in Ceylanpınar State Farm.” In: Zencirci N, Kaya Z, Anikster Y, Adams WT (eds) The Proceedings of the International Symposium on In situ Conservation of Plant Genetic Diversity. CRIFC, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 87–91.

Kell SP, Knüpffer H, Jury SL, Ford-Lloyd BV and Maxted N (2008) “Crops and wild relatives of the Euro-Mediterranean region: making and using a conservation catalogue.” In: Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV, Kell SP, Iriondo J, Dulloo E and Turok J (eds) Crop Wild Relative Conservation and Use. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp. 69–109.

Kell SP, Maxted N and Bilz M (2012) “European crop wild relative threat assessment: Knowledge gained and lessons learnt.” In: Maxted N, Dulloo ME, Ford-Lloyd BV, Frese L, Iriondo JM, Pinheiro de Carvalho MAA (eds) Agrobiodiversity Conservation: Securing the Diversity of Crop Wild Relatives and Landraces. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 218–242.
Khan IA, Procunier JD, Humphreys DG, Tranquilli G, Schlatter AR, Marcucci-Poltri S, Frohberg R and Dubcovsky D (2000) Development of PCR-based markers for a high grain protein content gene from Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides transferred to bread wheat. Crop Science 40: 518–524.
Lenoir J, Gegout JC, Marquet PA, De Ruffray P and Brisse H (2008) A significant upward shift in plant species optimum elevation during the 20th century. Science 320: 1768–1771.
Li X, Takahashi T, Suzuki N and Kaiser HM (2011) The impact of climate change on maize yields in the United States and China. Agricultural Systems 104: 348–353.
Luck J, Spackmand M, Freemand A, Trębicki P, Griffiths W, Finlay K and Chakraborty S (2011) Climate change and diseases of food crops. Plant Pathology 60: 113–121.
Maxted N and Guarino L (2006) “Genetic erosion and genetic pollution of crop wild relatives.” In: Ford-Lloyd BV, Dias SR and Bettencourt E (eds) Genetic Erosion and Pollution Assessment Methodologies. Proceedings of PGR Forum Workshop 5, Terceira Island, Autonomous Region of the Azores, Portugal, 8–11 September 2004, pp. 35–45. Published on behalf of the European Crop Wild Relative Diversity Assessment and Conservation Forum, by Bioversity International, Rome, Italy.
Maxted N and Kell S (2009) Establishment of a Network for the In situ Conservation of Crop Wild Relatives: Status and Needs. Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV and Hawkes JG (1997a) Plant Genetic Conservation: The In Situ Approach. Chapman & Hall, London.
Maxted N, Hawkes JG, Ford-Lloyd BV and Williams JT (1997b) “A practical model for in situ genetic conservation.” In: Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV and Hawkes JG (eds) Plant Genetic Conservation: The In Situ Approach. London, Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 545–592.
Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV and Hawkes JG (1997c) “Complementary conservation strategies.” In: Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV and Hawkes JG (eds) Plant Genetic Conservation: The In situ Approach. Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 20–55.
Maxted N, Ford‐Lloyd BV, Jury S, Kell SP and Scholten MA (2006) Towards a definition of a crop wild relative. Biodiversity and Conservation 15(8): 2673–2685.
Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV and Kell SP (2008a) "Crop wild relatives: establishing the context." In: Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV, Kell SP, Iriondo J, Dulloo E and Turok J (eds) Crop Wild Relative Conservation and Use. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 3–30.
Maxted N, Iriondo JM, De Hond L, Dulloo ME, Lefèvre F, Asdal A, Kell SP and Guarino L (2008b) “Genetic Reserve Management.” In: Iriondo JM, Dulloo ME and Maxted N (eds) Conserving Plant Genetic Diversity in Protected Areas. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 65–87.
Meilleur BA and Hodgkin T (2004) In situ conservation of crop wild relatives. Biodiversity and Conservation 13: 663–684.
Midgley G, Hannah L, Millar D, Thuiller W and Booth A (2003) Developing regional and species-level assessments of climate change impacts on biodiversity in the Cape Floristic Region. Biological Conservation 112(1): 87–97.

Mitteau M and Soupizet F (2000) “Preparation of a preliminary list of priority target species for in situ conservation in Europe.” In: Laliberté B, Maggioni L, Maxted N and Negri V (comp.) ECP/GR In situ and On-farm Conservation Network Report of a Task Force on Wild Species Conservation in Genetic Reserves and a Task Force on On-farm Conservation and Management Joint meeting, 18–20 May 2000, Isola Polvese, Italy. IPGRI, Rome, Italy. pp. 32–42.

Mora A, Zapata Ferrufino B, Hunter D, Navarro G, Galeano G, Apaza KS, Baudoin MJ, Dulloo ME, Cuellar S, Beck SG, Ferreira W and Scheldeman XA (2009). Libro Rojo de Parientes Silvestres de Cultivos de Bolivia. VMABCC-Bioversity International, Rome, Italy.
Mulongoy KJ and Gidda SB (2008) The Value of Nature: Ecological, Economic, Cultural and Social Benefits of Protected Areas. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Parmesan C and Yohe G (2003) A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature 421: 37–42.
Pavek DS, Lamboy WF and Garvey EJ (1999) Ecogeographic Study of Vitis Species: Final Report for Caloosa and Sweet Mountain Grapes. Unpublished report, USDA Pullman.
Pavek DS, Lamboy WF and Garvey EJ (2003) Selecting in situ conservation sites for grape genetic resources in the USA. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 50: 165–173.
Pimentel D, Wilson C, McCullum C, Huang R, Dwen P, Flack J, Tran Q, Saltman T and Cliff B (1997) Economic and environmental benefits of biodiversity. BioScience 47: 747–757.
Pinheiro de Carvalho MÂA, Nóbrega H, Freitas G, Fontinha S and Frese L (2012) “Towards the establishment of a genetic reserve for Beta patula Aiton.” In: Maxted N, Dulloo ME, Ford-Lloyd BV, Frese L, Iriondo JM, Pinheiro de Carvalho MAA (eds) Agrobiodiversity Conservation: Securing the Diversity of Crop Wild Relatives and Landraces. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 36–44.
Prance GT (1997) “The conservation of botanical diversity.” In: Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV and Hawkes JG (eds) Plant Genetic Conservation: The In Situ Approach. Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 3–14.
Prather M, Flato G, Friedlingstein P, Jones C, Lamarque JF, Liao H and Rasch P (2013) “IPCC 2013: Annex II: Climate System Scenario Tables. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I.” In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner G-K, Tignor M, Allen SK, Boschung J, Nauels A, Xia Y, Bex V and Midgley PM (eds) Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
Prescott-Allen R and Prescott-Allen C (1986) The First Resource: Wild Species in the North American Economy. Yale University, New Haven.
Primack RB (2001) “Causes of extinction.” In: Levin SA (Ed) Encyclopaedia of Biodiversity. Vol. 2. Academic Press, San Diego. pp. 697‐713.
PwC (2013) Crop Wild Relatives. A Valuable Resource for Crop Development. PricewaterhouseCoopers.
Root TL, Price JT, Hall KR, Schneider SH, Rosenzweig C and Pounds JA (2003) Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants. Nature 421: 57–60.
Safriel UN, Anikster Y and Waldman M (1997) Management of nature reserves for conservation of wild relatives and the significant of marginal populations. Bocconea 7: 233–239.
Shao G and Halpin PN (1995) Climatic controls of eastern North American coastal tree and shrub distributions. Journal of Biogeography 22: 1083–1089.
Smith RD, Dickie JB, Linington SH, Pritchard HW and Probert RJ (eds) (2003) Seed Conservation: Turning Science into Practice. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Stolton S, Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd B, Kell SP and Dudley N (2006) Food Stores: Using Protected Areas to Secure Crop Genetic Diversity. WWF arguments for protection series. WWF, Gland, Switzerland.
Tan A (1998) “Current status of plant genetic resources conservation in Turkey.” In: Zencirci N, Kaya Z, Anikster Y and Adams WT (eds) The Proceedings of International Symposium on In Situ Conservation of Plant Diversity. Central Research Institute for Field Crops, Ankara, Turkey. pp. 5–16.
Tan A and Tan AS (2002) “In situ conservation of wild species related to crop plants: the case of Turkey.” In: Engels JMM, Ramantha Rao V, Brown AHD and Jackson MT (eds) Managing Plant Genetic Diversity. CAB International, Wallingford, UK; International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), Rome. pp. 195–204.
Tanksley SD and McCouch SR (1997) Seed banks and molecular maps: unlocking genetic potential from the wild. Science 277: 1063–1066.
Thomas CD, Cameron A, Green RE, Bakkenes M, Beaumont LJ, Collingham YC, Erasmus BF, De Siqueira MF, Grainger A and Hannah L (2004) Extinction risk from climate change. Nature 427(6970): 145–148.
Thomas CD, Gillingham PK, Bradbury RB, Roy DB, Anderson BJ, Baxter JM, Bourn NA, Crick HQ, Findon RA, Fox R, Hodgson JA, Holt AR, Morecroft MD, O'Hanlon NJ, Oliver TH, Pearce-Higgins JW, Procter DA, Thomas JA, Walker KJ, Walmsley CA, Wilson RJ and Hill JK (2012) Protected areas facilitate species' range expansions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109(35): 14063-14068.
Thuiller W, Lavorel S, Araújo MB, Sykes MT and Prentice IC (2005) Climate change threats to plant diversity in Europe. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 (23): 8245–8250.
UNESCO (2007) UNESCO–MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory. Biosphere Reserve Information: Mexico. Sierra de Manantlán. The MAB Programme. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
Vavilov NI (1926) Studies on the Origin of Cultivated Plants. Institut de Botanique Appliquée et d'Amélioration des Plantes, Leningrad.
Walther G‐R, Post E, Convey P, Menzel A, Parmesan C, Beebee TJC, Fromentin J‐M, Hoegh‐Gudberg O and Bairlein F (2002) Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature 416: 389–395.
Zoro Bi IA, Koffi KK and Djè Y (2003) Caractérisation botanique et agronomique de trois espèces de cucurbits consommées en sauce en Afrique de l’Ouest: Citrullus sp., Cucumeropsis mannii Naudin et Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment 8: 189–199.

The Interactive Toolkit for Crop Wild Relative Conservation Planning was developed within the framework of the SADC CWR project www.cropwildrelatives.org/sadc-cwr-project (2014-2016),
which was co-funded by the European Union and implemented through ACP-EU Co-operation Programme in Science and Technology (S&T II) by the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group of States.
Grant agreement no FED/2013/330-210.